Clifford Park Racecourse was acquired as a 160-acre block in 1861 and the first meeting on it was conducted by the Darling Downs Jockey Club at the course then known as Drayton and Toowoomba Racecourse on 6 March 1862.
In 1882, Toowoomba Turf Club was formed and conducted its first meetings on 3 & 4 June that year.
The first recorded Toowoomba Cup as run in 1919. In 1992 the club made Australian racing history by staging the first race ever run under electric lights, the Fosters Toowoomba Cup, which was won by Waigani Drive.
On 4 September 1996, the club staged the first ever night race meeting in Australia.